Obstruktivne anomalije dihalnih poti lahko ogrožajo življenje, saj lahko vplivajo na dihanje in hranjenje novorojenčka. V klinični sliki se lahko obstrukcija kaže v budnem stanju in v spanju. Ko dokažemo motnjo dihanja, ki bi lahko bila posledica obstrukcije v dihalnih poteh, je indicirana otorinolaringološka obravnava. Pri novorojenčkih in dojenčkih so prirojene anomalije zgornjih dihal pogost vzrok za motnjo dihanja, vendar je lahko obstrukcija dihal tudi pridobljena. Zapora dihal lahko nastane kjer koli od nosu do sapnika in je lahko posledica več različnih dejavnikov. Nekatere pridružene bolezni in sindromi imajo višje tveganje za nastanek obstrukcije v dihalnih poteh. Zdravljenje vključuje poleg konservativnih in medikamentoznih ukrepov tudi kirurške posege, ki so lahko ob pravilni indikaciji zelo učinkoviti.
Obstructive Airway Abnormalities in Neonates – Surgical Approach and Management
Obstructive airway abnormalities can be life-threatening as they can affect the breathing and feeding in neonates. In the clinical picture the obstruction may manifest during awakeness or sleep. An otorhinolaryngological examination is in order in a suspected breathing disorder due to airway obstruction. In neonates and infants, the common cause of respiratory distress are congenital anomalies of the upper airways, however, airway obstruction can also be acquired. An airway obstruction can occur anywhere from the nose to the trachea and can be caused by several factors. Specific comorbidities and syndromes have a higher risk of airway obstruction. Surgical interventions, in addition to conservative measures and treatments, can be very effective if indicated correctly.